Not All USB-C Cables Are Created Equal: A Pro's Guide

Did you know that modern USB-C cables can power a 240W device? Buying a USB-C cable from your local store can be challenging as there are many options, and not all USB-C cables are created equal. The newer versions are backward compatible, but the confusion may start when you see USB-C cables dedicated to power delivery (PD). Remember! Not all PD cables are data-only. Many USB-C PD cables can support both power and data transmission, but there are specific power-only cables that lack the data transfer capability.

If you want to become a pro at USB-C cable and learn about all the intricate details you can boast about with your friends, this is the guide for you. We will walk you through the basics of the more advanced USB-C features, ensuring information comes from authentic USB-IF sources.

Who Ensures USB-C Standard?

If you want an organization that maintains standards, provides certifications, promotes technology, and ensures licensing to produce compliant products, then it's USB-IF (USB Implementers Forum). Founded in 1995, it is the key player in USB technology. USB-IF is a non-profit organization that collaborates with multiple organizations, with notable members Apple Inc., HP, Intel, Renesas, STMicroelectronics, and Texas Instruments.

How to Spot a USB-C Cable

The connector of the cable that plugs into the charger, computer, smartphone, tablet, or any other device is called the port. The USB-C has a distinct oval-shaped connector that can connect from any direction and is often called reversible. The cable can have a USB-A connector at one end and a USB-C connector at the other. Modern USB-C cables have USB-C-type connectors at both ends.

Types and Functions of USB-C Cables

USB-IF is responsible for controlling the USB-C cable standards. According to the standards, USB-C functions and types can be divided by purpose. Some cables can support video, audio, power, and data transmission, while others are dedicated to charging only. Let's start exploring!

Data Cables

USB-C cables started initially as data cables. The purpose was to ensure that data sharing across multiple devices was convenient with a solid reversible connector. There are many USB-C data cables and critical details such as the number of pins and wires. As a user looking to buy a USB-C cable, you can spot the difference between versions with the necessary threshold knowledge. Most of the time, you must rely on what the packaging states about the USB-C data cable.

There are versions of USB-C data cables that can support video transmission. Modern USB-C cables can support protocols such as DisplayPort, MHL, and HDMI (only Thunderbolt 3 and 4). If you have a graphics card and a monitor with a USB-C port connection, you can use the USB-C data cable to establish a connection between them. Your monitor can work with HDMI and DisplayPort protocol, depending on the version your hardware supports. There are versions of USB cables, such as the USB4.0 V2.0 or USB2.0. However, we will cover data cables and transfer rates in extreme detail in the next section of this article.

Power-Only Cables

The reversible USB-C cables can now support power as high as 240W. USB-IF standardizes these cables and ensures their authenticity through various methods. There are versions of USB-C cables, and the earliest USB 2.0 version could only supply 2.5W of power. Each USB version will have a different number of pins and could provide different power. The latest USB PD series of power cables can only supply power and no data.

The USB-IFs latest Power Delivery 3.1 Type-C cable can deliver a massive 240W of power. The cable can communicate with the device and exchange data such as supported voltage and current. The device sends power requirements based on its current state. A USB standard charger can start power delivery and change its voltage and amperes based on the device's temperature, battery health, and other aspects. A non-standard USB-C cable cannot perform these steps, which can lead to instability or slow charging issues.

Hybrid Cables: Data, Charging & Transmission Video Cable

Modern phones, laptops, IoT, and other devices now mostly feature the USB-C port due to its standardized design and adoption of international practices. Owing to the significant contribution of chargers as technological waste, the Council of European Union (EU) has issued a directive. The Directive 2022/2380 states that all smartphones shall adopt USB-C charging until December 28, 2024. Similarly, they issued a deadline for laptop charging and data transfer as April 28, 2026. It set the wheels of USB-C technology standardization on motion.

There are USB-C cables with hybrid support. They work with standard USB-C PD-supporting chargers and support USB data exchange with compatible devices. These data and charging cables are ideal for a regular smartphone user. Their versatility opens up options for their use in multiple applications. One of the most all-in-one examples is using a monitor. Some monitors can operate with a single USB-C connection. They do not need two cables to manage. The USB-C cable and its available protocols transfer power, data, audio, and video.

USB-C Cables for Data Transfer

Let's explore the data transfer speeds of USB-C cables and their supported protocols more thoroughly. Understanding these versions will help you find the ideal cable for your device.

USB-C Transmit and Recieve Lanes

 A modern USB-C connector has 24 pins that form a connection. Each pin is used for data and power transmission. A pair of pins forms a lane. Data communication requires a minimum of two pins to create a connection. Increasing the number of lanes improves the speed, as larger data can travel simultaneously from many pins.

Different versions utilize different numbers of lanes to form a data connection. USB 3.1 uses one TX (transmission lane) and one RX (receiving lane) to deliver 10 Gbps of data transfer speeds, while USB 3.2 uses all four available TX and RX lanes to deliver 20 Gbps of data.

For example, USB4 Gen 3×2 means that the device and port combination supports the USB4 Gen3 version, which utilizes two lanes for data transmission of 40Gbps. Similarly, USB USB 3.2 Gen 1×1 implies that it can work with the USB 3.2 Gen 1 version, which utilizes one lane for a data transmission speed of 5Gbps.

USB-C Versions and Protocols Explained

USB-C supports different versions. Each version has a unique way to communicate with the transmitting device. Some can deliver video, audio, and data, while others can only transmit data. The speed at which a cable can transmit data depends on the version. Here are their explanations:

USB 2.0

Introduction Year: 2000

Data Transfer Speed: 480 Mbps

The version was released in 2000. It did not have a USB-C connector in its lineup, as USB-IF launched the USB-C connector in 2014. However, it is worth noting that the USB 2.0 version had the highest speed at 480Mbps. The versions supported USB-A, USB-B, Mini-USB B, and Micro-USB B connectors.

USB 3.2

Introduction Year: 2017

Data Transfer Speed: 20 Gbps

USB 3.1 was the first version to support USB-C connectivity. However, fully utilizing the capability of the USB-C connector came later, in 2017, with the USB 3.2 version. It boosted data transfer speeds of 20 Gbps. However, there is a catch. Motherboards or devices often mention the data transfer speeds as USB 3.2 Gen 2x2 SuperSpeed 20Gbps. It means that it uses two lanes of USB-C connection, as explained earlier, to achieve 20Gbps. A single USB 3.2 version lane can go as fast as 10Gbps.

You will observe that USB versions mention generations, such as USB 3.2 Gen1 and USB 3.2 Gen2. These represent the speed at which the devices can connect and the compatibility with older versions. However, the USB 3.2 support cable will work for both data cables. The version came with protocol support for the following:

• USB Power Delivery (USB-PD)
• DisplayPort
• Thunderbolt
• PCIe Gen 3
• USB Audio
• USB Video

USB 4.0

Introduction Year: 2019

Data Transfer Speed: 20 Gbps

The fastest and most versatile option for modern devices is USB 4.0. It provides 40 Gbps of bidirectional connectivity and is backward compatible with USB 3.2 and USB 2.0 (with adapter). With DP 2.0 protocol, the USB 4 can deliver an 8K 60Hz display or 16K to 60Hz display unit. The speed of the USB 4.0 version depends on the length of the cable so that it can work at 40Gbps with a 1-meter cable and 20Gbps for longer ones. The USB logo for USB 4.0 is “20” or “40”. Following are the protocols that the USB 4.0 version supports:

• USB Power Delivery (USB-PD 3.1)
• DisplayPort 2.0
• Thunderbolt 4.0
• PCIe Gen 4
• USB Audio
• USB Video

Differences Between Charging and Data Transfer USB-C Cables

Any cable manufacturer will mention cables as either charging or data cables. Understanding that all cables can provide power and deliver data is essential. However, some can offer higher data transfer speeds and performance than others. It's because of the internal wirings and specification differences. Here are some key differences you should know between these two cables:

Charging USB-C Cables

The main difference between charging and data cables is the number of pins they use for operation. A standard USB-C connector has 24 pins, with 16 for data transfer, 4 for power delivery, and 4 for ground. Buying a dedicated charging cable will come with only 4 pins to reduce cost and ensure durability.

However, some manufacturers offer charging-oriented cables with thicker wires connecting power pins and thinner cables for data pins. It leads to slower data transfer speeds but high-end power delivery, such as 240W from a USB PD 3.1 charger. Charging cables come with USB-PD support, which the brand often mentions on its packaging. These cables are generally thicker and consist of an E-marker chip. Without the E-marker chip, the USB4 protocol will not deliver 240W or work in variable voltage mode. The latest USB PD 3.1 compatible charging cable will have the following characteristics:

USB PD 3.1 for Power Delivery

• Voltage Levels: Supports 12V, 28V, 36V, and 48V.
• Power Output: Can deliver 100W, 140W, 180W, or 240W.
• Variable Voltage: Allows voltage to be adjusted to meet device requirements.
• Bi-directional Power: Enables devices to charge each other.
• Power Management: Manages power distribution among multiple devices.

Data USB-C Cables

Data cables, on the other hand, have a higher number of pins. The modern USB 4.0 cable will feature all 24 pins to offer high-speed data and moderate power delivery. A typical hybrid cable with the Thunderbolt 4 protocol can provide 100W power delivery with 40Gbps data transfer speeds. These are incredibly versatile and provide enough power to charge any modern electronic device. Here are their highest possible specifications with the most versatile type-c data cable:

Thunderbolt 4 USB-C Cable

Data Transfer: 40 Gbps

Power Delivery: 100W

Display Resolution: 8K@60Hz, 4K@120Hz, Dual 4K@60Hz

Compatibility: Thunderbolt 4, Thunderbolt 3, USB 4, USB 3.2, USB 3.1, USB 2.0

Connectors: USB-C

Daisy Chaining: Supports daisy-chaining up to 6 Thunderbolt devices.

Certification: Intel Certified

How to Choose the Right USB-C Cable

Buying an overkill cable for your daily needs can burden your budget. To ensure you find the most compatible USB-C cable, follow these three-step guidelines. You already have the necessary knowledge to understand some of the terms in the guide.

Step1: Access Your Device and Requirements

Start by assessing your requirements. First, you will need to verify what versions your device supports. Look for the symbols as shown in the picture below to find the correct version for your device:

USB-C has become standard in laptops, smartphones, tablets, and cameras. While most mobile devices use USB 2.0 or 3.1, laptops often feature USB 4 or Thunderbolt 4 for high-power and data transfer. Use quality cables to ensure compatibility and performance.

Step2: Do You Need a Data or Charger Cable

Do you need a high-speed data transfer cable? Will you frequently use the cable for data transfer or charging? After answering these questions, you can decide between a data or charger cable. Here are some of the cable types that you might encounter when deciding to purchase:

• USB-C Cables with E-Marker Chip: Required for USB 4 cables supporting over 3A power delivery.
• USB-C Cables with Intel-Certified Cypress Chip: Necessary for Thunderbolt 4 interface and superior power management.
• Power-Only Charging Cables: These are for devices requiring less than 3A power and where data transfer is unnecessary.
• Traditional Data and Charging Cables: Suitable for devices requiring less than 3A power and essential data transfer. 

Step3: Look for Authenticity

Do not fall for the market claims and packaging. Some power cables advertise 240W power delivery without the E-marker chip, but the device will not detect the cable as high-power without the chip. Also, beware of suspiciously low-priced USB-C cables, which might lack essential components. Choose cables with precise specifications and compatibility lists. Here are the things to look for authenticity in cables:

• Official Logos: Check for USB-IF and Thunderbolt logos on the packaging and connector.
• USB-IF Certification: Verify cable authenticity on the USB-IF website in “USB-IF Certified TID.”
• Build Quality: Low-grade plastic housings often indicate counterfeit cables.
• E-Marker Chip: Cables supporting over 3A should have an E-Marker chip.

Professionals who require high-speed, authentic, robust, reliable, and long-lasting cables can opt for CABLETIME products. Their products are built with the highest-grade material and offer authenticity. Each product has a USB-IF Certified TID that is searchable on the USB-IF database. Their cables have 10,000+ plug tests and 2,000+ bending tests to ensure reliability. Visit the CABLETIME lineup of USB-C cables for the ultimate collection of authentic high-end products.

Summary and Recommendations

USB-C cable is undoubtedly the most versatile connector, as it is robust and provides universal connectivity options. The 8.4mm wide connector can transfer audio, video, data, and power. However, different types of cables transfer data between connectors. Some are data-oriented, while others offer extraordinary power delivery. Always consider your usage scenario and device requirements before selecting a data cable.

You can opt for the Thunderbolt 4 cable, which provides 100W power with 40Gbps connectivity, or you can go for the USB PD 3.1 cable, which can deliver up to 240W power. However, you will need to check for an Intel chip in Thunderbolt and an e-marker chip in the USB PD cable. Always look for authentic logos and certifications before making any purchase.

5 Related Questions Readers May Ask

●     Can I use a USB-C cable to charge my laptop?

You can use a USB-C cable to charge your laptop, but not all USB-C cables are created equal. So you need to check for the USB-C cable's power delivery capability. A cable with USB PD support and an E-Marker chip is ideal for laptop power delivery. It offers multiple protection to keep your device and charger secure.

●     What is the difference between USB-C and Thunderbolt 4?

Thunderbolt 3 uses the same connector as the USB-C cable. However, Thunderbolt cables are certified by Intel, whereas USB cables are certified by USB-IF. Thunderbolt 4 is the latest and fastest available USB-C connection for 40Gbps of data transfer with a 100W power supply.

●     Are all USB-C cables compatible with all devices?

All USB-C cables will work with all devices, but they can cause data, audio, video, or power transmission limitations. Older USB-C cables must have the correct wire thickness and chips to support the latest technologies, such as Thunderbolt or USB PD. Always look for the logos on the cable and your device ports to decide the most compatible version. However, a Thunderbolt 4 cable will cover most of the device's requirements except 240W power delivery. To do this, you need a USB PD 3.1 compatible USB-C cable.

●     How can I tell if a USB-C cable is high-speed?

The USB-C cables from authentic brands feature official logos and certification from USB-IF. Users can find them on the official website of USB-IF. Each logo represents a certain guaranteed speed. USB 4.0 with the “40” logo means that it can provide 40Gbps of data transfer speeds.

●     Do USB-C cables wear out over time?

USB-C cables can wear out over time as constant plugging and unplugging can cause the metal connector to lose strength. The material can also brush off, causing the connector to thin out and stop connecting. Make sure you buy a branded cable from a well-known manufacturer like CABLETIME, which puts its product to the test with 10,000+ plug tests and 2,000+ bending tests.